5 articles
AIF Annual Compliance: Form N, Form N-2, SEBI Audit & CA Certificate Requirements
AIF sponsors must navigate multiple compliance layers annually: SAT reporting via Form N, scheme-level returns via Form N-2, statutory audit under SEBI AIF Regulations 2012, and mandatory CA certificates. Missing deadlines or filing errors attracts penalties and regulatory action.
Read article →PPM and LPA Drafting for AIFs: SEBI Mandatory Disclosures, Co-Investment Rights, and the Key-Man Clause
Read →AIF Taxation in India: Category III Pass-Through, STCG Surcharge & Investor Reporting
Read →Gift City IFSCA AIF: Setup, LRS Investment by Residents, and Tax Neutrality Under Section 10(4D)
Read →6 articles
Internal Audit Under Section 138 of Companies Act 2013: Who Must Do It and What It Must Cover
Section 138 of the Companies Act 2013 mandates internal audit for certain companies based on turnover and paid-up capital thresholds. This post clarifies who must comply, what the audit scope covers, and the statutory obligations for audit committees.
Read article →Forensic Audit in India: When Courts & Lenders Require One, What Evidence Counts, and Your CA's Liability
Read →Tax Audit Under Section 44AB: Threshold, Forms 3CB vs 3CD, and Rs.1.5 Lakh Penalty
Read →Bank Branch Audit Under RBI Guidelines: LFAR, NPA Classification & IRACP Norms
Read →5 articles
SME Credit Ratings: How CAs Build the Financial Package That Wins CRISIL Ratings and Lower Borrowing Costs
A strong credit rating from CRISIL can slash your SME's borrowing costs by 1-3% per annum. Learn how the CRISIL SME rating process works, what financial documentation your CA must prepare, and why the quality of your numbers matters more than the size of your balance sheet.
Read article →Working Capital Finance: CC vs OD vs Bill Discounting, DSCR Calculation & What Banks Check in Audited Financials
Read →NBFC Registration with RBI: Category A vs B, Rs. 10 Crore NOF, and Annual Compliance Checklist
Read →Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs) for Private Companies: Legal Framework, SEBI Rules & TDS Obligations
Read →11 articles
SEBI Exemption Order for Waaree Energies: What Listed Companies Should Know
SEBI has issued a specific exemption order in the matter of Waaree Energies Limited. While the full scope of the exemption requires review of the complete order, this development signals important compliance considerations for listed companies and their boards.
Read article →SEBI's New Rules on Handling Client Unpaid Securities
Read →SEBI's Proposed Common Ad Code: What It Means for You
Read →SEBI Settlement Helpdesk: What Listed Companies, NBFCs & AIFs Need to Know
Read →41 articles
"Just sign an SH-4 and it's done": what share transfer in a private company actually requires in 2026
The common recipe for transferring shares in a private limited company — sign a Form SH-4, affix stamps, hand it to the company — was never complete, and as of 30 June 2026 it is wrong for most private companies in India. Rule 9B of the Companies (Share Capital and Debentures) Rules, 2014 has now taken effect after its extension by MCA Notification G.S.R. 125(E) dated 12 February 2026, and every private company other than a small company must dematerialise its securities before any transfer can be effected. This article sets out what Section 56 of the Companies Act, 2013 actually requires, how the small company test under Section 2(85) now determines which transfer mechanism is legally available to you, the uniform 0.25 percent stamp duty under Article 62(a) of the Indian Stamp Act, the pre-emption and board discretion restrictions that private company Articles of Association must contain, the FEMA pricing guidelines and Form FC-TRS obligation where a non-resident is involved, and the eight practical steps to complete a transfer correctly — including why dematerialisation takes four to eight weeks and cannot be compressed.
Read article →"Independent directors have no real liability": what the Companies Act actually says
Read →"A private company can lend to its director freely": what Sections 185 and 186 actually say
Read →"Just stop filing and the company dies on its own": what striking off actually requires — and why 31 August 2026 matters
Read →11 articles
MSME Form 1 Half-Yearly Return: October 2026 Due Date and Who Must File
Every company that receives goods or services from MSME suppliers and has outstanding dues older than 45 days must file Form 1 with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs twice a year. The October 2026 filing covers the April–September 2026 period.
Read article →FEMA Non-Debt Third Amendment 2026: What Changed for Foreign Investors in India
Read →FEMA Compounding Under the 2024 Rules: How RBI Self-Reporting Now Works
Read →ClearTax vs MakeItLegit: Which Compliance Platform Actually Helps Founders Stay Legal?
Read →4 articles
Standard Costing for Manufacturers: Bridging Product Costs and Transfer Pricing Under Section 92C
Manufacturers face a twin challenge: keeping product costs accurate via standard costing while simultaneously defending transfer prices to tax authorities. Section 92C demands robust documentation. Form 3CEB requires certified cost accounting records. This post shows how to make standard costing serve both objectives.
Read article →DPCO Compliance for Pharma: Cost Statement Format, Ceiling Price Reporting & NPPA Rules
Read →Stock Audit for Bank Borrowers: RBI Guidelines, Ind AS 2 Valuation, and LFAR Findings
Read →Cost Audit Under Section 148, Companies Act 2013: Mandated Industries, CRA-3 Report & CRA-4 Filing
Read →6 articles
EOU and IGCR Compliance: Duty-Free Imports Under Customs Rules 2017
Export Oriented Units (EOUs) are permitted to import capital goods, raw materials, and consumables without customs duty under the Customs (Import of Goods at Concessional Rate) Rules 2017. This concession is subject to strict compliance conditions and end-use verification by Customs authorities.
Read article →Customs Duty in India: BCD, IGST on Imports & the ITS Explained
Read →Anti-Dumping Duty in India: DGTR Investigation, Provisional vs Final Duty, and High Court Challenge
Read →HSN Classification Disputes at Customs: SVB, Related-Party Pricing, CAAR Advance Ruling & CESTAT Appeal
Read →43 articles
"The new regime is always cheaper": What the break-even math actually says for AY 2026-27
Everyone says the new tax regime is always cheaper. For most salaried filers it is — but not all. Whether it wins for you comes down to one number: your total deductions. Here is exactly where the break-even falls at every income level for AY 2026-27, with worked math.
Read article →ITR Form Selection Guide for AY 2026-27: Who Must File ITR-1, ITR-2, ITR-3, and ITR-4
Read →TDS on Salary Under Section 192: Why Employers Get It Wrong and How to Cross-Check Your Form 16
Read →Section 54 Exemption on House Sale: The One-Property Rule, 54EC Bond Limits, and the 2-Year Deadline Trap
Read →5 articles
SEBI BRSR ESG Reporting: What Top 1000 Listed Companies Must Do Now
From FY 2024-25, India's top 1000 listed companies face a hard regulatory deadline: BRSR ESG reporting with third-party assurance is now compulsory under SEBI LODR. Scope 3 emissions must be disclosed. Here's what boards and CFOs need to action immediately.
Read article →Insolvency Resolution Under IBC 2016: The 330-Day CIRP Timeline, Section 29A Eligibility, and CoC Voting Rights
Read →Crypto and VDA Tax in India: Section 115BBH, 30% Flat Tax, and TDS Rules
Read →Real Estate Tax in India: Section 45(5A) Joint Development, TDS 194-IC & GST on Under-Construction Flats
Read →6 articles
FEMA Export Realisation: The 9-Month Rule, Write-Off, and Section 13 Penalties Explained
Exporters must realise export proceeds within 9 months under FEMA Notification 23(R). Failure invites penalties under Section 13 of FEMA. This post covers the realisation rule, write-off eligibility, penalty mechanics, and compliance steps.
Read article →Advance Authorisation under Foreign Trade Policy: Routes, SION Norms, and Closing Export Obligation
Read →Software Exports and SOFTEX Filing: STPI, FEMA 23(R), and the Non-Negotiable CA Certificate for Section 10AA
Read →EPCG Scheme: Zero-Duty Capital Goods Import & Export Obligation Calculator Under FTP 2023
Read →16 articles
"Any Foreigner Can Invest in My Indian Company": What FEMA's NDI Rules and Form FC-GPR Actually Require
Most founders believe receiving foreign funds into an Indian company is a banking transaction. It is not. The Foreign Exchange Management (Non-Debt Instruments) Rules, 2019 — commonly called FEMA Notification 20(R) by practitioners — require prior compliance checks, a FEMA-compliant valuation, and a Form FC-GPR filing with the RBI within 30 days of share allotment. Nine sectors are completely barred from FDI. Investments from entities in countries sharing a land border with India now require government approval under Press Note 2 (2026). Missing the 30-day FC-GPR deadline triggers late fees, compounding applications, and compliance flags that scare future investors.
Read article →"ODI is just a bank transfer": What FEMA actually requires before you invest abroad
Read →"Just Invoice the Indian Subsidiary a Management Fee": What Transfer Pricing Actually Requires
Read →"We're too small for transfer pricing rules": What India's Income-tax Act actually requires
Read →5 articles
Form 10BD and 10BE: Donor Statements, May 31 Filing, Section 271K Penalty, and Donation Certificates
Not-for-profit organisations must file Form 10BD and 10BE by May 31 with detailed donor information. Miss the deadline and face Section 271K penalty. Here's what triggers penalties, how to compute them, and best practices for issuing donation certificates to maintain compliance.
Read article →CSR Compliance Under Section 135: The Rs.40 Lakh Threshold, Form CSR-2, and the 2% Unspent Transfer Rule
Read →ITR-7 for Charitable Trusts: Schedule VC, Form 10B Audit, and Section 115TD Exit Tax
Read →Section 12A and 80G Registration for NGOs: Form 10A, Provisional vs Final Registration, and Donor Deductions
Read →36 articles
US-India DTAA Article 15 vs Article 16: What ITA 2025 Actually Says About Your Salary
Most salaried NRIs treat the India-US treaty as one blanket exemption and assume Article 15 (employment income) and Article 16 (directors fees) work the same way. They do not. Article 15 follows where you physically work; Article 16 follows where the company is resident. This guide separates the treaty rules from the WhatsApp folklore, runs the Article 15(2) three-part 183-day test, and maps it all to ITA 2025 forms (26AS to 168, 15CA to 145, 15CB to 146) so you claim the right relief and avoid mismatched TDS notices.
Read article →Form 10F is not an email attachment: what ITA 2025 actually requires NRIs to file online
Read →"My UAE residency exempts my Indian income": What ITA 2025 actually says
Read →"NRIs don't pay advance tax": What ITA 2025 actually says about deadlines and penalties
Read →5 articles
Working Capital Management: Cash Conversion Cycle, Credit Terms & TReDS Invoice Discounting
Working capital management isn't about juggling; it's about moving cash intelligently. Learn to decode your cash conversion cycle, negotiate supplier and customer terms that don't strangle your business, and use TReDS platform effectively for invoice discounting under RBI framework.
Read article →Financial Projections for Fundraising: 3-Statement Model, Ind AS 115 Revenue Recognition & Board Approval Under Section 179
Read →MIS Reporting for Growing Businesses: P&L, Cash Flow & KPI Dashboards
Read →CMA Report for Bank Credit: What Banks Look for in Form CMA and How to Prepare a Winning DPR
Read →4 articles
RWA Audit & Accounting: Receipts & Payments, Sinking Fund, and Statutory Requirements
Residential Welfare Associations must file statutory audits and maintain compliant accounts under the Societies Registration Act. This guide covers receipts and payments preparation, sinking fund accounting, and audit requirements that RWA secretaries and treasurers must follow.
Read article →Income Tax for Resident Welfare Associations: Mutuality, Exemptions, and ITR-5 Filing
Read →TDS Obligations for RWAs: Section 194C & 194J, and Monthly Form 26Q Filing
Read →GST on RWA Maintenance Charges: The Rs.7,500 Threshold and ITC Compliance
Read →5 articles
Trademark Registration in India: The 4-Step Process Under Trade Marks Act 1999, Class 35 for Service Businesses, and Why a CA Should Handle the IP Audit
Trademark registration in India follows a four-step statutory process under the Trade Marks Act, 1999. Service businesses use International Classification Class 35. A CA's IP audit protects your intangible assets and ensures tax compliance.
Read article →Copyright Registration Under Section 44 of the Copyright Act 1957: Why Software Companies Need It
Read →Trademark Objection Reply Under Rule 45: Common Grounds and Winning Strategies
Read →IP Due Diligence in M&A: Valuing Trademarks, Checking Encumbrances & Schedule III Disclosures
Read →5 articles
Succession Planning for Family Businesses: HUF Partition, Buy-Sell Agreements, and Tax-Neutral Exits
Family business succession demands more than emotional handovers. Section 171 HUF partitions, properly structured buy-sell agreements, and Section 47(xiii) exemptions are the legal and tax toolkit that protects wealth across generations while minimizing capital gains tax.
Read article →Capital Gains Optimisation for HNIs: Section 54, 54EC Bonds, and 54F Before March 31
Read →Estate Planning for HNIs: Will vs Trust, Gift Tax Under Section 56(2)(x), and Why Your CA Must Lead
Read →ESOP Wealth Planning for Startup Founders and Employees: Tax Deferral and Post-Vesting Strategies
Read →24 articles
"We'll just pick the lower tax rate at filing time": What Section 115BAA actually requires
Section 115BAA is not a rate you tick on the ITR — it is an irrevocable election exercised by filing Form 10-IC under Rule 21AE, electronically, on or before the Section 139(1) due date. For AY 2026-27 that is 31 October 2026 for tax-audit companies and 30 November 2026 where Form 3CEB applies. Get it wrong and CPC recomputes at 30% plus surcharge and interest under Sections 234B and 234C, with no revision available. This guide compares the 25.168% effective rate under 115BAA against the old-regime 27.82% and 29.12% rates, quantifies what you permanently give up — Section 32(1)(iia) additional depreciation, 35(2AB) R&D, 10AA, most Chapter VI-A, and the entire MAT credit balance under Section 115JAA — and gives an eight-step filing sequence including the deferred tax remeasurement that flows into AOC-4. Includes the arithmetic showing where the old regime still wins.
Read article →GST on under-construction flats vs completed property: What the law actually requires
Read →Claiming ITC on every GST invoice you receive: what Section 17(5) actually blocks
Read →Assuming an advance ruling protects everyone: what Sections 95–106 of the CGST Act actually say about AAR and AAAR
Read →12 articles
GIFT City is not a shortcut into the Indian market: What FEMA and the IFSCA framework actually allow
GIFT City is a foreign-currency financial services jurisdiction inside India, not a low-friction door into the domestic market. Here is what it actually solves.
Read article →Convertible notes are just SAFEs with Indian paperwork: What FEMA and the FDI Policy actually require
Read →"We'll just buy back the shares": What FEMA and the Companies Act actually require for foreign shareholder exits
Read →ESOPs to your Indian team from a foreign parent: What FEMA and the Income-tax Act actually require
Read →1 article
1 article
10 articles
"Every foreign remittance needs a CA certificate": What ITA 2025 actually says
Walk into almost any bank branch in India with a request to remit money abroad and you will hear the same sentence: "Sir, you need 15CA and 15CB from a CA." It is stated as though it were a universal rule. It is not. A large share of outward remittances, including some of the most common ones NRIs make, require no CA certificate at all, and a meaningful number require nothing beyond a simple self-declaration. Since 1 April 2026 the forms have been renumbered: Form 15CA is now Form 145 and Form 15CB is now Form 146 under the Income-tax Act, 2025. This guide sets out the four-part structure of Form 145, the exact circumstances in which a CA certificate in Form 146 is genuinely mandatory, the specified purposes and LRS carve-out where no filing is needed at all, the aggregate Rs.5,00,000 tax-year threshold that catches people making several mid-sized remittances, and the penalty exposure under Section 201 when withholding goes wrong.
Read article →"Any LRS transfer above Rs.7 lakh attracts 20% TCS": What ITA 2025 actually says
Read →"DIR-3 KYC is an annual filing": what the 2026 MCA amendment actually changed
Read →"A Power of Attorney lets me sell my Indian property tax-free from abroad": What the law actually says
Read →1 article